Overview
The integrator complex was identified in a study of DSS1 (deleted in split hand/split foot 1), a factor that associates with BRCA2 and the 19S proteasome (1). The core integrator complex is a 12 subunit complex (INTS1-INTS12) that associates with the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) holoenzyme. In association with RNAPII, the integrator complex mediates the 3’ end processing of small nuclear RNAs U1 and U2. Recently, additional components of the integrator core complex have been identified (2). New members of the extended integrator complex include a phosphatase module (PPP1CB, PPP2CA/B, and PPP2R1A/B), four uncharacterized proteins (C12orf11, C15orf44, C7orf26, and C9orf80), two OB-fold proteins (OBFC2A and OBFC2B), and a set of zinc-finger proteins (ZMYND8, ZNF687, and ZNF589). The functions of some of the integrator subunits have been characterized and linked to a variety of cellular processes and signaling pathways. INTS11 is the catalytic subunit of the integrator core complex and is directly involved in the processing of U1 and U2 snRNA genes (1). INTS6/DICE1 has been implicated to play a role in Wnt signaling (3), and INTS3 has been shown to associate in a complex with human single-stranded binding protein (hSSB1) and possibly play a role in the DNA damage response independent of the integrator core complex (4).
References
1. D. Baillat et al., "Integrator, a Multiprotein Mediator of Small Nuclear RNA Processing, Associates With the C-Terminal Repeat of RNA Polymerase II," Cell. 123, no. 2 (2005): 265-276.
2. A. Malovannaya et al., "Streamlined Analysis Schema for High-Throughput Identification of Endogenous Protein Complexes," Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A. 107, no. 6 (2010): 2431-2436.
3. S. Filleur et al., "INTS6/DICE1 Inhibits Growth of Human Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells by Altering the Cell Cycle Profile and Wnt Signaling," Cancer Cell Int. 9 (2009): 28.
4. J. R. Skaar et al., "INTS3 Controls the HSSB1-Mediated DNA Damage Response," J Cell Biol. 187, no. 1 (2009): 25-32.