The kinesins (KIFs) make up a large superfamily of motor proteins that function in intracellular transport along microtubules. Kinesin activity has been linked to various cellular functions such as organelle and vesicle transport, mitotic spindle formation, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. Structurally, all kinesins contain a motor domain with microtubule and nucleotide binding sites that utilize ATP to target cargo along microtubule filaments. The kinesin motor proteins have been implicated in human disease. A mutation in the KIF1B locus is associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT2A) which is characterized by a progressive dysfunction of peripheral neurons and a lack of synaptic vesicle transport in nerve endings and axons. Over forty members of the KIF family have been identified and well characterized. However, when one considers the multitude of cellular tasks involving the intracellular transport of cargo, many questions concerning KIF regulation remain unanswered.