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Overview
The DEAH-box, DEAD-box, and DExH-box families are collectively referred to as the DExD/H family of proteins. DExD/H proteins are multifunctional proteins that play important roles in virtually all aspects of RNA metabolism such as RNA synthesis, processing, export, translation, turnover, and the remodeling of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. DExD/H proteins act principally as ATP-dependent helicases that function to unwind RNA structures. They have also been reported to play an important role in transcription; however this particular function, as well as the function of RNP remodeling, appears to be independent of their helicase activity. Although similar in structure within the helicase core, a considerable divergence exists in the flanking domains of the DExD/H proteins. This divergence likely contributes to their multifunctional capabilities as well as their specificity towards RNA substrates. The discovery that DExD/H proteins play a role in transcription and interact with the transcriptional machinery suggests a complex role involved in coupling the processes of transcription and RNA processing. Due to their complexity, the human DExD/H family of proteins is clearly emerging as an exciting area of research, and much work remains to be done to elucidate the specific roles and regulation of the more than 70 members of this protein family.
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